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  Request对象
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      <h2 id="request对象与response对象的原理"><a href="#request对象与response对象的原理" class="headerlink" title="request对象与response对象的原理"></a>request对象与response对象的原理</h2><ol>
<li>request和response对象是由服务器创建的</li>
<li>request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="请求响应的具体实现"><a href="#请求响应的具体实现" class="headerlink" title="请求响应的具体实现"></a>请求响应的具体实现</h3><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-21_20-58-46.jpg" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="Request"><a href="#Request" class="headerlink" title="Request"></a>Request</h2><h3 id="request对象继承体系结构"><a href="#request对象继承体系结构" class="headerlink" title="request对象继承体系结构"></a>request对象继承体系结构</h3><pre><code>ServletRequest       -- 接口
      |   继承
HttpServletRequest    --接口
      |   实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade  --tomcat提供的类</code></pre><a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="request功能"><a href="#request功能" class="headerlink" title="request功能"></a>request功能</h3><h4 id="1-获取请求消息数据"><a href="#1-获取请求消息数据" class="headerlink" title="1. 获取请求消息数据"></a>1. 获取请求消息数据</h4><pre><code>- 获取请求行数据
    * GET  /itcast_web/jin?name=yolin HTTP/1.1
    * 方法
        ①获取请求方式：GET
            String getMethod()
        ②获取虚拟目录：/itcast_web  (重点)
            String getContextPath()
        ③获取Servlet路径：/itcast_web
            String getServletPqth()
        ④获取get方式请求参数：name=yolin
            String getQueryString()
        ⑤获取请求URL：/itcast_web/jin  (重点)
            String getRequestURI()
            StringBuffer getRequestURL() 完整地址
        ⑥获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
            String getProtocol()
        ⑦获取客户机的IP地址：
            String getRemoteAddr() </code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-23_00-20-17.jpg" alt=""></p>
<pre><code>- 获取请求头数据
    * String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值  (重点)
    * Enumeration&lt;String&gt; getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称</code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-23_22-50-44.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-23_23-23-48.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>设置防盗链<br><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-24_10-18-23.jpg" alt=""></p>
<pre><code>- 获取请求体数据
    * 请求体：只有在POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体重封装了POST请求的请求参数
    * 步骤：
        ①获取流对象
            BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据
            ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据
        ②再从流对象中拿数据</code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-24_11-20-16.jpg" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="2-其他功能-重点"><a href="#2-其他功能-重点" class="headerlink" title="2. 其他功能(重点)"></a>2. 其他功能(重点)</h4><pre><code>- 获取请求参数通用方式
    * String getParameter(String name)：根据参数名称获取参数值
    * String [] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组（多用于复选框）
    * Enumeration&lt;String&gt; getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
    * Map&lt;String,String[]&gt; getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合</code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-24_12-47-27.jpg" alt=""></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//中文乱码</span></span><br><span class="line">request.setCharacterEncoding(<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<pre><code>- 请求转发
    *一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
    *步骤：
        ①通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
        ②使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
    *特点：
        ①浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
        ②只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
        ③转发是一次请求</code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-24_15-13-16.jpg" alt=""></p>
<pre><code>- 共享数据
    *request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
    *方法：
        ①void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
        ②Object getAttribute(String name)</code></pre><p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-24_15-28-30.jpg" alt=""></p>
<pre><code>- 获取ServletContext
    *ServletContext getServletContext()</code></pre><h2 id="案例：用户登录"><a href="#案例：用户登录" class="headerlink" title="案例：用户登录"></a>案例：用户登录</h2><h3 id="需求"><a href="#需求" class="headerlink" title="需求"></a>需求</h3><ol>
<li>编写login.html登录页面</li>
<li>使用Druid数据库连接池技术操作数据库</li>
<li>使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC</li>
<li>登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示：登陆成功！用户名，欢迎您</li>
<li>登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示：登录失败，用户名或密码错误</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-25_21-40-51.jpg" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>工具类</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> Util;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> javax.sql.DataSource;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.IOException;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Connection;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.ResultSet;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.SQLException;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Statement;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Properties;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JDBCUtils</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> DataSource ds;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//获取连接池对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//1.加载配置文</span></span><br><span class="line">            Properties pro = <span class="keyword">new</span> Properties();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//使用ClassLoader加载配置文件，获取字节输入流</span></span><br><span class="line">            pro.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//2.获取DataSource，初始化连接池对象</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                ds= DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//获取连接Connection对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Connection <span class="title">getConnection</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SQLException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> ds.getConnection();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//获取连接池对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> DataSource <span class="title">getDataSource</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> ds;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span>  <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">close</span><span class="params">(Connection conn, Statement stat, ResultSet rs)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(conn!=<span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                conn.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(stat!=<span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                stat.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(rs!=<span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                rs.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">close</span><span class="params">(Connection conn, Statement stat)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        close(conn,stat,<span class="keyword">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>Dao层UseDao.java</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> Dao;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Util.JDBCUtils;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> domain.User;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">UseDao</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    User user =<span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> JdbcTemplate template=<span class="keyword">new</span> JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils. getDataSource());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span>  User <span class="title">login</span><span class="params">(User loginUser)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        String sql=<span class="string">"select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            user=template.queryForObject(sql, <span class="keyword">new</span> BeanPropertyRowMapper&lt;User&gt;(User<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>),</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">                    <span class="title">loginUser</span>.<span class="title">getUsername</span>(), <span class="title">loginUser</span>.<span class="title">getPassword</span>())</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> user;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>判断登录的servlet</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-25_21-47-54.jpg" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>重定向的servlet</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-25_21-45-32.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>运行效果：<br><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/demo2.gif" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>使用BeanUtils工具类，简化数据封装</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://yolin121.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blogimg/Snipaste_2020-09-25_23-33-48.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>BeanUtils是用于封装JavaBean的，那么什么是JavaBean呢</p>
<h4 id="JavaBean？"><a href="#JavaBean？" class="headerlink" title="JavaBean？"></a>JavaBean？</h4><p>JavaBean是标准的Java类，其功能是<strong>封装数据</strong>，该类必须遵守以下规范</p>
<ol>
<li>被public修饰</li>
<li>必须提供空参的构造器</li>
<li>成员变量必须使用private修饰</li>
<li>提供公共setter和getter方法</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="方法"><a href="#方法" class="headerlink" title="方法"></a>方法</h4><ol>
<li>setProperty()</li>
<li>getProperty()</li>
<li>populate(Object obj,Map map):将map集合的键值对信息，封装到对应的JavaBean对象中</li>
</ol>

      
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